Tiffanie Fourcade (Archéosciences UMR 6034, & EPOC, UMR 5805, Montaigne Humanities Doctoral School – EDMH)

My research mainly focuses on the relationship between environmental, climatic and cultural changes of hunter-gatherers (Neanderthal and Homo sapiens) in France at the end of the Middle Paleolithic and the beginning of the Upper Paleolithic. Using marine cores, I study (1) the evolution of vegetation and climate variability from pollen grains, preserved with sediments. It improves the chronology of these environmental and climatic changes, based on (2) a luminescence dating technique on marine sediment cores and (3) developing age models using Bayesian statistics for the data. pollen and archaeological. For the latter, the chronology of cultural changes is based (4) on bibliographic work aimed at updating archaeological databases in order to integrate them into a Bayesian chronological model. My current postdoctoral research focuses on reconstructing past vegetation and climate changes over the last 30,000 years in the northwest Mediterranean Sea from a new pollen record and improving their chronology through luminescence dating.

Thesis title: Cultural changes and adaptations to climatic and environmental changes of the last Neanderthals in the south of France

This interdisciplinary thesis made it possible to improve the chronology of environmental and cultural changes in the south of France (35-65 ka), in order to test the hypothesis of the influence of climate and environments on the adaptation of Neanderthals and of Anatomically Modern Men (HAM). The pollen study on two marine sediment cores from the Bays of Biscay and Lion reconstructed the vegetation in the southwest and southeast of France, in response to climate changes (warming and cooling). The dating of one of the cores using a luminescence technique and the application of a recent age-depth model using Bayesian statistics and stratigraphic constraints on the two cores made it possible to refine the chronology of environmental and climatic changes. . A better comparison with the chronology of cultural changes was made possible by updating and chronological modeling of regional archaeological databases. However, identifying potential synchronies remains difficult due to uncertainties associated with different chronologies. This study suggests that the progressive aridification of the landscape during this period favored the arrival of HAMs in this region, leading to competition with Neanderthals for the same ecological niches leading to the disappearance of the latter.

• Under the direction of Christelle LAHAYE and Maria Fernanda SANCHEZ GONI
• Supported on 09/12/2022
• Discipline: Archaeological sciences
• Keywords: cultures, Neanderthals, Man – effect of climate, anatomically modern men, Paleolithic

Ophélie Colomb (Montesquieu Research Institute (IRM) EA 7434, Doctoral School of Law – ED Droit)

I have a doctorate in legal history, an associate researcher at the Montesquieu Research Institute (IRM-CAHD, UR 7434) and a lecturer at the University of Bordeaux. My work is mainly part of the Law and Literature movement and aims to demonstrate the contribution of literary sources to the knowledge of the rights of the past. At the same time, always from an interdisciplinary perspective, I carry out research combining the history of legal thought, the history of women's rights, the history of feminism and gender.

Thesis title: Justice in André Gide and François Mauriac. From morality to the courtroom

Justice runs through the life and writings of André Gide (1869-1951) and François Mauriac (1885-1970). Their literary works are imbued with both a philosophical conception and a concrete experience of justice capable of nourishing the interdisciplinary appetite of jurists, legal historians, literary scholars, and even philosophers. However, although these two writers have often been compared or associated, no large-scale study bringing them together around the theme of justice, from a historical-legal perspective, had until now been undertaken. However, justice as a virtue and as an institution invites us to bring together and compare these two Nobel Prize winners. In Gide and Mauriac, justice as morality materializes through a commitment to democratic life. Faced with the injustices running through the history of the 20th ^century , their respective commitments were both common and divergent, particularly with regard to the meaning that each of them gave to justice. Furthermore, the courtroom experiences of Gide and Mauriac offer different and unique perspectives on institutionalized justice in the 19th ^and 20th ^centuries . The justice textualized in their writings is as much akin to testimonies as to singular conceptions of criminal justice, criminal procedure and criminal law of the 19th ^and 20th ^centuries . In short, this study on justice in Gide and Mauriac interweaves literary, judicial or legal discourses to bring out new analyzes; renews certain analyses, both literary and legal; and finally demonstrates the contributions of literary sources to the knowledge of the law of the past. Based on both legal and literary sources and theoretical frameworks from Law and Literature studies, the multiple facets of the notion of justice in Gide and Mauriac have been defined and analyzed to form an understanding that is both diachronic and conceptual.

• Under the direction of Yann DELBREL and Martine SAGAERT
• Supported on 03/18/2022
• Discipline: History of law
• Keywords: law and literature, history of justice, criminal law, literary theory, narrativity

Morgan Lans (Centre Émile Durkheim (CED), UMR 5319, Doctoral School Societies, Policies, Public Health – EDSP2)

Originally from Saint-Jean-de-Luz, my passion for sociology took root in my high school years, before becoming the driving force of my intellectual commitment. After a research master's degree at the University of Bordeaux, I obtained a ministerial contract and was able to pursue a doctorate, in order to explore the social mechanisms of the integration of foreigners, in France, Spain and Denmark, while emphasizing the work of associations helping migrants. In parallel with this study, I shared my knowledge during several hours of teaching and led numerous sociological surveys. After obtaining my doctorate, I was a temporary Teaching and Research Attaché at the University of Bordeaux. Currently, my interest is in the field of anti-racism in France. I am conducting an investigation on this subject in Bordeaux and Paris. At the same time, I also explore the issues facing the voluntary sector today. My desire to understand our contemporary society remains as present as ever.

Thesis title: The dynamics of integration. Migrant aid associations and companies at the heart of French, Spanish and Danish areas

This thesis explores the relationship of French, Spanish and Danish societies with foreigners by analyzing their logic of integration.
To do this, I conducted a sociohistorical and relational study focused on the analysis of state practices, enriched by an in-depth analysis of the work of several migrant aid associations as well as their interactions with public authorities. My fieldwork is based on a quasi-ethnographic investigation, including observations and monitoring of actors, carried out over ten months within historical associations in Bordeaux, Bilbao and Aarhus. In this context, I also carried out 130 semi-structured interviews with individuals involved in supporting people who have experienced migration. In this research, I demonstrate that state orientations, revealed through official discourses and immigration policies, do not fully reflect the relationship of host societies to immigration.
Indeed, the activities of associations produce normative discrepancies with “state thoughts” and above all participate in the reproduction of societal dynamics. Thus, memories linked to exile and colonization, the logic of solidarity and citizenship, the dynamics of decentralization and civic cultures are, for example, integral elements of this relationship. In France, associations defend the values ​​of freedom, equality and solidarity towards “foreign citizens”, criticizing, for example, the gap between the assimilationist logic of the State and the multicultural reality of French society.
In Spain, associations adopt a pragmatic approach to defend “full people” in difficulty and promote, in conflictual partnership with public authorities, intercultural living together. In Denmark, associations claim Danish specificity and seek to transform newcomers into “Danes in the making”, by familiarizing them with the values ​​and practices of national society, thus being in continuity with state logic while at the same time softener. In summary, my analysis highlights the complexity of the dynamics between state discourses, associative activities and societal perceptions regarding immigration.

• Under the direction of Olivier COUSIN
• Supported on 03/17/2022
• Discipline: Sociology
• Keywords: immigration, conception of integration, associations, international comparison, social protection systems